- (Topic 4)
A company’s infrastructure consists of Amazon EC2 instances and an Amazon RDS DB instance in a single AWS Region. The company wants to back up its data in a separate Region.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

1. A. Use AWS Backup to copy EC2 backups and RDS backups to the separate Region.
2. B. Use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to copy EC2 backups and RDS backups to the separate Region.
3. C. Create Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) of the EC2 instance
4. D. Copy the AMIs to the separate Regio
5. E. Create a read replica for the RDS DB instance in the separate Region.
6. F. Create Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshot
7. G. Copy the EBS snapshots to the separate Regio
8. H. Create RDS snapshot
9. I. Export the RDS snapshots to Amazon S3. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) to the separate Region.

Correct Answer: A
To back up EC2 instances and RDS DB instances in a separate Region with the least operational overhead, AWS Backup is a simple and cost-effective solution. AWS Backup can copy EC2 backups and RDS backups to another Region automatically and
securely. AWS Backup also supports backup policies, retention rules, and monitoring features.
References:
✑ What Is AWS Backup?
✑ Cross-Region Backup

- (Topic 1)
A company provides a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service that uses UDP connections. The service consists of Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group. The company has deployments across multiple AWS Regions.
The company needs to route users to the Region with the lowest latency. The company also needs automated failover between Regions.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

1. A. Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and an associated target grou
2. B. Associate the target group with the Auto Scaling grou
3. C. Use the NLB as an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint in each Region.
4. D. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and an associated target grou
5. E. Associate the target group with the Auto Scaling grou
6. F. Use the ALB as an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint in each Region.
7. G. Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and an associated target grou
8. H. Associate the target group with the Auto Scaling grou
9. I. Create an Amazon Route 53 latency record that points to aliases for each NL
10. J. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution that uses the latency record as an origin.
11. K. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and an associated target grou
12. L. Associate the target group with the Auto Scaling grou
13. M. Create an Amazon Route 53 weighted record that points to aliases for each AL
14. N. Deploy an Amazon CloudFront distribution that uses the weighted record as an origin.

Correct Answer: D
https://aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator/faqs/
HTTP /HTTPS - ALB ; TCP and UDP - NLB; Lowest latency routing and more throughput. Also supports failover, uses Anycast Ip addressing - Global Accelerator Caching at Egde Locations – Cloutfront
WS Global Accelerator automatically checks the health of your applications and routes user traffic only to healthy application endpoints. If the health status changes or you make configuration updates, AWS Global Accelerator reacts instantaneously to route your users to the next available endpoint..

- (Topic 4)
A company is building a solution that will report Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling events across all the applications in an AWS account. The company needs to use a serverless solution to store the EC2 Auto Scaling status data in Amazon S3. The company then will use the data in Amazon S3 to provide near-real-time updates in a dashboard. The solution must not affect the speed of EC2 instance launches.
How should the company move the data to Amazon S3 to meet these requirements?

1. A. Use an Amazon CloudWatch metric stream to send the EC2 Auto Scaling status data to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehos
2. B. Store the data in Amazon S3.
3. C. Launch an Amazon EMR cluster to collect the EC2 Auto Scaling status data and send the data to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehos
4. D. Store the data in Amazon S3.
5. E. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function on a schedul
6. F. Configure the Lambda function to send the EC2 Auto Scaling status data directly to Amazon S3.
7. G. Use a bootstrap script during the launch of an EC2 instance to install Amazon Kinesis Agen
8. H. Configure Kinesis Agent to collect the EC2 Auto Scaling status data and send the data to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehos
9. I. Store the data in Amazon S3.

Correct Answer: A
You can use metric streams to continually stream CloudWatch metrics to a destination of your choice, with near-real-time delivery and low latency. One of the use cases is Data Lake: create a metric stream and direct it to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that delivers your CloudWatch metrics to a data lake such as Amazon S3. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/CloudWatch-Metric- Streams.html

- (Topic 4)
A company wants to migrate its on-premises Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise edition database to AWS. The company's online application uses the database to process transactions. The data analysis team uses the same production database to run reports for analytical processing. The company wants to reduce operational overhead by moving to managed services wherever possible.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

1. A. Migrate to Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Serve
2. B. Use read replicas for reporting purposes.
3. C. Migrate to Microsoft SQL Server on Amazon EC2. Use Always On read replicas for reporting purposes.
4. D. Migrate to Amazon DynamoD
5. E. Use DynamoDB on-demand replicas for reporting purposes.
6. F. Migrate to Amazon Aurora MySQ
7. G. Use Aurora read replicas for reporting purposes.

Correct Answer: A
Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server is a fully managed service that offers SQL Server 2014, 2016, 2017, and 2019 editions while offloading database administration tasks such as backups, patching, and scaling. Amazon RDS supports read replicas, which are read-only copies of the primary database that can be used for reporting purposes without affecting the performance of the online application. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead, as it does not require any code changes or manual intervention.
References:
✑ 1 provides an overview of Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server and its benefits.
✑ 2 explains how to create and use read replicas with Amazon RDS.

- (Topic 3)
A company is experiencing sudden increases in demand. The company needs to provision large Amazon EC2 instances from an Amazon Machine image (AMI) The instances will run m an Auto Scaling group. The company needs a solution that provides minimum initialization latency to meet the demand.
Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A. Use the aws ec2 register-image command to create an AMI from a snapshot Use AWS Step Functions to replace the AMI in the Auto Scaling group
2. B. Enable Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) fast snapshot restore on a snapshot Provision an AMI by using the snapshot Replace the AMI m the Auto Scaling group with the new AMI
3. C. Enable AMI creation and define lifecycle rules in Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) Create an AWS Lambda function that modifies the AMI in the Auto Scaling group
4. D. Use Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) to invoke AWS Backup lifecycle policies that provision AMIs Configure Auto Scaling group capacity limits as an event source in EventBridge

Correct Answer: B
Enabling Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) fast snapshot restore on a snapshot allows you to quickly create a new Amazon Machine Image (AMI) from a snapshot, which can help reduce the initialization latency when provisioning new instances. Once the AMI is provisioned, you can replace the AMI in the Auto Scaling group with the new AMI. This will ensure that new instances are launched from the updated AMI and are able to meet the increased demand quickly.