If Product Backlog refinement is needed, when is the ideal time for refinement to take place and
who should participate? (choose the best two answers)

1. A. The Scrum Team during the current Sprint, if they have been unable during preceding Sprints to define Product Backlog items with enough precision to begin work.
2. B. Business analysts in the organization should do this work for the Scrum Team 1- 2 Sprints ahead of the development Sprints.
3. C. The Product Owner must do this as essential work in Sprint O.
4. D. The Product Owner takes the time between the end of one Sprint and the start of the next Sprint to complete refinement.
5. E. The Scrum Team on an ongoing basis, defining Product Backlog items into smaller more precise items that are ready for selection.

Correct Answer: AE
The ideal time for refinement to take place and who should participate are the Scrum Team during the current Sprint, if they have been unable during preceding Sprints to define Product Backlog items with enough precision to begin work, and the Scrum Team on an ongoing basis, defining Product Backlog items into smaller more precise items that are ready for selection. This is because:
✑ Product Backlog refinement is the act of adding detail, estimates, and order to Product Backlog items. It is an ongoing and collaborative process that involves the whole Scrum Team.
✑ The Scrum Team should refine the Product Backlog as needed to ensure that there are enough items that are sufficiently clear and ready for selection in Sprint Planning. The amount of time spent on refinement usually varies from one Scrum Team to another, but it is recommended not to exceed 10% of the capacity of the Developers.
✑ The Scrum Team may also use a Sprint to refine the Product Backlog if they have not been able to do so in previous Sprints. This may happen when the product is new or complex, or when there is a significant change in the product vision or direction. However, this should be an exception rather than a rule, as it may delay the delivery of value and feedback.
Other options, such as business analysts doing the refinement work for the Scrum Team, the Product Owner doing the refinement alone in Sprint 0 or between Sprints, or handing off the ownership of the Product Backlog to someone else, are not consistent with the principles and values of Scrum. They may lead to misunderstandings, misalignment, or loss of ownership and accountability.
References:
✑ [Scrum Guide], page 11, section “Product Backlog”
✑ [Scrum Guide], page 12, section “Product Backlog Refinement”
✑ [Professional Scrum Product Owner™ Training], page 7, section “Product Backlog Management”
✑ [Professional Scrum Product Owner™ Training], page 8, section “Release Management”
✑ [Professional Scrum Product Owner™ Training], page 9, section “Business Strategy”

Which two things should the Scrum Team do during the first Sprint? (choose the best two answers)

1. A. Make up a plan for the rest of the project.
2. B. Define the major product features and a release plan architecture.
3. C. Analyze, describe, and document the requirements for the subsequent Sprints.
4. D. Build at least one piece of valuable functionality.
5. E. Create at least one valuable, useful Increment.

Correct Answer: DE
the first Sprint is the same as any other Sprint, and the Scrum Team should deliver a potentially releasable Increment of "Done" product at its conclusion. This means that the team should build at least one piece of valuable functionality that meets the Definition of Done and aligns with the Sprint Goal. The other options are not things that the Scrum Team should do during the first Sprint, as they are either too detailed, too vague, or too long-term for the Scrum framework. The Scrum Team should not make up a plan for the rest of the project, as Scrum is an empirical process that adapts to changing requirements and feedback1. The Scrum Team should not define the major product features and a release plan architecture, as these are the responsibilities of the Product Owner, who should have a vision and a roadmap for the product2. The Scrum Team should not analyze, describe, and document the requirements for the subsequent Sprints, as this would violate the principle of emergent design and just-in-time planning3.
1: The Scrum Guide | Scrum.org 2: What is a Product Owner? | Scrum.org 3: Emergent Design and Just-in-Time Planning | Scrum.org

Who owns the Sprint Backlog? (choose the best answer)

1. A. The Scrum Master.
2. B. The Scrum Team.
3. C. The Product Owner.
4. D. The Developers.

Correct Answer: D
According to Scrum.org, the Developers own the Sprint Backlog12. The Sprint Backlog is a plan by and for the Developers1. It is a highly visible, real-time picture of the work that the Developers plan to accomplish during the Sprint in order to achieve the Sprint Goal1. Consequently, the Sprint Backlog is updated throughout the Sprint as more is learned1.

Who is accountable for tracking the remaining work toward the Sprint Goal? (choose the best answer)

1. A. The Developers.
2. B. The Project Manager.
3. C. The Product Owner.
4. D. The Scrum Master.

Correct Answer: A
The Developers are the ones who are accountable for tracking the remaining work toward the Sprint Goal. The Developers are self-managing and decide how much work they can do in a Sprint1. They also create and update the Sprint Backlog, which is the plan for how the Developers will achieve the Sprint Goal, and the single source of truth for the work to be done in the Sprint2. The Developers use the Daily Scrum to inspect their progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary[3][3]. The Product Owner, the Scrum Master, and the Project Manager (if any) do not have the accountability for tracking the remaining work toward the Sprint Goal, as this is the responsibility of the Developers. References:
1: The Scrum Guide, November 2020, p. 6
2: The Scrum Guide, November 2020, p. 10
[3][3]: The Scrum Guide, November 2020, p. 11

In accordance with Scrum theory, how should a group of 100 people be divided into multiple
Scrum Teams?
(choose the best answer)

1. A. Create a matrix of skills, seniority, and level of experience to assign people to teams.
2. B. Check with the allocation department to see who has worked together before and make these the first teams.
3. C. Understanding the product, the product vision and the rules of the Scrum framework, the people divide themselves into teams.
4. D. It does not really matter since you can rotate the teams every Sprint to spreadknowledge.

Correct Answer: C
In accordance with Scrum theory, a group of 100 people should be divided into multiple Scrum Teams by understanding the product, the product vision and the rules of the Scrum framework, and then dividing themselves into teams because:
✑ It respects the self-organization and empowerment of the people. The people are the ones who have the knowledge, skills, and experience to create and deliver the product. They are also the ones who will work together as Scrum Teams, collaborating and coordinating their efforts. Therefore, they should have the autonomy and authority to decide how to form their teams, based on their preferences, interests, and capabilities.
✑ It supports the alignment and coherence of the Scrum Teams. The people should have a clear and shared understanding of the product, the product vision, and the rules of the Scrum framework before forming their teams. This can help them to align their goals and missions, to ensure that they are working on the same product and towards the same vision. It can also help them to follow the same principles and practices of Scrum, to ensure that they are working effectively and consistently.
✑ It fosters the collaboration and synergy of the Scrum Teams. The people should form their teams in a way that maximizes their collaboration and synergy. This can mean choosing team members that complement each other’s skills and strengths, that have good rapport and trust, that can communicate and coordinate well, and that can deliver a valuable Increment each Sprint.
References:
✑ Scrum Guide 2020, page 5: “Scrum Teams are cross-functional, meaning the members have all the skills necessary to create value in each Sprint.”
✑ Scrum Guide 2020, page 5: “Scrum Teams are self-managing, meaning they internally decide who does what, when, and how.”
✑ Scrum Guide 2020, page 9: “Multiple Scrum Teams working together on a product use one Product Backlog.”
✑ Scrum Guide 2020, page 9: “The Product Owner is one person, not a committee.”