Which of the following tools is most likely to detect defects in functions or methods in source code?

1. A. configuration management tool
2. B. unit test framework tool
3. C. test design tool
4. D. monitoring tool

Correct Answer: B
A unit test framework tool is a tool that supports the creation, execution, and reporting of unit tests, which are tests that verify the functionality and quality of individual software components (such as functions or methods) in source code. A unit test framework tool can help to detect defects in functions or methods in source code by providing features such as test case generation, test case execution, test result comparison, test coverage measurement, etc. Some examples of unit test framework tools are JUnit, NUnit, TestNG, etc. The other options are not tools that are likely to detect defects in functions or methods in source code. A configuration management tool is a tool that supports the management and control of different versions and variants of software products or components. A test design tool is a tool that supports the design and generation of test cases based on some criteria or rules. A monitoring tool is a tool that monitors the behavior or performance of a system or component under test. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 10.

Which of the following BEST describes a benefit of test automation?

1. A. More subjective assessment
2. B. Reduction in repetitive manual work
3. C. Availability of the test automation tool vendor
4. D. Negligible effort to maintain the test assets generated by the tool

Correct Answer: B
Test automation provides numerous benefits to software testing, and one of the key advantages is the reduction of repetitive manual work. This benefit is explicitly covered in the ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus (v4.0).
Test automation allows testers to automate repetitive tasks such as regression testing, freeing up their time to focus on more complex and exploratory testing. This leads to improved efficiency and helps in avoiding human errors associated with repetitive tasks. Option A: "More subjective assessment" contradicts the benefit of automation as it focuses on objectivity.
Option C: "Availability of the test automation tool vendor" is not a direct benefit of test automation, although vendor support can be valuable.
Option D: "Negligible effort to maintain the test assets" is misleading as maintaining automated tests often requires effort and attention to changes in the system under test. Therefore, the correct answer is B (ISTQB not-for-profit association) (ISTQB). References:
✑ Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0
✑ ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 4.0 (2023)

Can "cost" be regarded as Exit criteria?

1. A. Ye
2. B. Spending too much money on test ng will result in an unprofitable product, and having cost as an exit criterion helps avoid this
3. C. N
4. D. The financial value of product quality cannot be estimated, so it is incorrect to use cost as an exit criterion
5. E. Ye
6. F. Going by cost as an exit criterion constrains the testing project which will hello achieve the desired quality level defined for the project
7. G. No The cost of testing cannot be measured effectively, so it is incorrect to use cost as an exit criterion

Correct Answer: A
Cost can be regarded as an exit criterion for testing, because it is a factor that affects the profitability and feasibility of the software product. Testing is an investment that aims to improve the quality and reliability of the software product, but it also consumes resources, such as time, money, and human effort. Therefore, testing should be planned and executed in a way that balances the cost and benefit of testing activities. Having cost as an exit criterion helps to avoid spending too much money on testing, which may result in an unprofitable product or a loss of competitive advantage. Cost can also help to prioritize and focus the testing efforts on the most critical and valuable features and functions of the software product. However, cost should not be the only exit criterion for testing, as it may not reflect the true quality and risk level of the software product. Other exit criteria, such as defect rate, test coverage, user satisfaction, etc., should also be considered and defined in the test plan.
The other options are incorrect, because they either deny the importance of cost as an exit criterion, or they make false or unrealistic assumptions about the cost of testing. Option B is incorrect, because the financial value of product quality can be estimated, for example, by using cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, or cost of quality models. Option C is incorrect, because going by cost as an exit criterion does not necessarily constrain the testing project or help achieve the desired quality level. Cost is a relative and variable factor that depends on the scope, complexity, and context of the software product and the testing project. Option D is incorrect, because the cost of testing can be measured effectively, for example, by using metrics, such as test effort, test resources, test tools, test environment, etc.

Which ONE of the following statements about acceptance testing is NOT correct?

1. A. Testing of disaster recovery and backup/restore is usually NOT part of acceptance testing.
2. B. The customers or system users are often responsible for the acceptance testing.
3. C. The main goal of acceptance testing is to build confidence in the system, not find defects.
4. D. Acceptance testing is the last level of testing performed prior to system release.

Correct Answer: A
Acceptance testing is a level of testing performed to verify that a software product meets the agreed acceptance criteria and is acceptable for delivery. Acceptance testing is often performed by the customers or system users, who are the main stakeholders of the software product. The main goal of acceptance testing is to build confidence in the system, not find defects, as defects should have been detected and fixed in earlier levels of testing. Acceptance testing is the last level of testing performed prior to system release, unless there are any changes or fixes that require re-testing. Testing of disaster recovery and backup/restore is usually part of acceptance testing, as these are important aspects of system reliability and security that affect the customer satisfaction and trust. Therefore, statement A is not correct, while statements B, C and D are correct. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, Chapter 2, page 20-21.

Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques?
* 1. Test cases are based on the test basis which may include the requirements, use cases and user stories
* 2. Test cases are based on the test basis which may include the software architecture or code
* 3. Test cases can show deviations from the requirements
* 4. These test techniques are applicable to both functional and non-functional testing
* 5.Tests are based on knowledge of developers, users and other stakeholders Black - Black-box test techniques
White * White-box test techniques Experience - Experience-based test techniques

1. A. Black -1,3.4 White - 2 Experience - 5
2. B. Black - 2, 3 White -1 Experience - 4, 5
3. C. Black -1,2 White - 3, 4 Experience - 5
4. D. Black - 2, 3 White -1,5 Experience - 4

Correct Answer: A
Matching the descriptions with the test techniques:
✑ Black-box test techniques use the external description of the software, including requirements, use cases, and user stories.
✑ White-box test techniques use the internal structure of the software system, including software architecture and code.
✑ Black-box test techniques can reveal deviations from the requirements as they validate the external behavior of the software.
✑ Both black-box and white-box test techniques are applicable to functional and non- functional testing.
✑ Experience-based test techniques rely on the knowledge and intuition of developers, users, and other stakeholders (ISTQB Main Web).References:
✑ ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0 PDF