Which of the following is true about Oracles?

1. A. Sometimes old version of a product can be used as an Oracle
2. B. Oracles help in reproducing the irreproducible bugs
3. C. Oracles are derived from the design
4. D. Oracles can be generated automatically using data generators

Correct Answer: A
An oracle is a mechanism or source that can provide the expected result for a given test input or situation. Sometimes old version of a product can be used as an oracle, if it is assumed that the old version behaves correctly for the test cases that are executed on the new version. This is also known as back-to-back testing. Oracles do not help in reproducing the irreproducible bugs, as they only provide the expected results, not the actual results. Oracles are not derived from the design, but from the requirements or specifications. Oracles cannot be generated automatically using data generators, as data generators only provide test inputs, not test outputs. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 9.

Given the following state model of sales order software: SEE ATTACHMENT
Which of the following sequences of tran-sitions provides the highest level of tran-sition coverage for the model (assuming you can start in any state)?

1. A. IN PRODUCTION -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION -> CANCELLED -> PLACED
2. B. IN PRODUCTION -> SHIPPED -> INVOICED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION
3. C. PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION -> SHIPPED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED
4. D. PLACED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION -> CANCELLED

Correct Answer: B
To achieve the highest level of transition coverage, one must consider all the possible transitions between the states in the given state model of the sales order software. The transitions in the sequence provided in Option B - "IN PRODUCTION -> SHIPPED -> INVOICED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION" cover all the states and transitions effectively. This covers the transitions from IN PRODUCTION to SHIPPED, SHIPPED to INVOICED, INVOICED to CANCELLED, CANCELLED to PLACED, and
PLACED to IN PRODUCTION, thereby maximizing the transition coverage.References:
✑ ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 4.3.5.

Which of the following activities is NOT a pan of the fundamental testing process?

1. A. Archiving automation code
2. B. Test status reporting
3. C. Test process improvement
4. D. Build release and maintenance

Correct Answer: D
The fundamental testing process includes activities that are directly related to the planning, preparation, execution, and evaluation of tests, as well as the closure activities of the testing phase. Option D, "Build release and maintenance," falls outside the scope of the fundamental testing process as it relates more to software development and operations rather than specific testing activities. Options A, "Archiving automation code," B, "Test status reporting," and C, "Test process improvement," are all activities that can be part of or associated with the fundamental testing process. Archiving automation code is part of test closure, test status reporting is part of test monitoring and control, and test process improvement can be an outcome of test closure activities.

Which of the following is MOST likely to be an example of a PROJECT risk?

1. A. A computation is not always performed correctly in some situations
2. B. A system architecture may not support some non-functional requirements
3. C. Team members' skills may not be sufficient for the assigned work
4. D. Specific modules do not adequately meet their intended functions according to the user

Correct Answer: C
A project risk relates to potential issues that could affect the overall success of the project. Among the options provided, the risk that "Team members' skills may not be sufficient for the assigned work" is clearly a project risk because it pertains to the potential failure of the project due to inadequate skillsets among the team. This risk affects the entire project's ability to meet its objectives.References:
✑ ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 1.4.2.

The following open incident report provided: Date: 01.01.01
Description: When pressing the stop button the application status remain in "Attention" instead of "Ready'.
Severity: High
Life Cycle: Integration
Which of the following details are missing in the giving incident report?

1. A. Identification or configuration of the applicationI
2. B. The name of the developerII
3. C. Recommendation of the developerIV The actions and/or conditions that came before the pressing of the button
4. D. IV
5. E. IV
6. F. II
7. G. II, III

Correct Answer: B
In an incident report, essential details provide context and facilitate the investigation and resolution of the incident. The missing elements in the given incident report are:
I. Identification or configuration of the application: This detail is crucial as it specifies which version or configuration of the application is affected, helping in reproducing the issue. IV. The actions and/or conditions that came before pressing the button: Understanding the sequence of actions leading to the issue is vital for replicating and diagnosing the problem. The name of the developer (II) and the recommendation of the developer (III) are not typically included in an incident report as they do not contribute to identifying or resolving the incident. The focus is on the incident's details, reproduction steps, and the system's state rather than on personnel or proposed solutions at this stage. Therefore, option B, which includes both I and IV, is the correct answer.