Which of the following s the most correct statement about state testing techniques?

1. A. Static techniques can be used before all code is ready for execution
2. B. Static techniques find more detects then dynamic techniques.
3. C. Static techniques can be used by inexperienced users.
4. D. Static techniques are always cheaper than dynamic techniques.

Correct Answer: A
State testing techniques are a type of dynamic testing techniques that are based on the behavior of the system under test for different input conditions and events. Dynamic testing techniques require the system to be executed with test cases, whereas static testing techniques do not. Static testing techniques can be applied before the code is ready for execution, such as reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and static analysis. Static testing techniques can help find defects early in the development process, improve the quality of the code, and reduce the cost and effort of dynamic testing. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.1, Page 281; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Page 292

Which of the following is NOT an objective of testing?

1. A. Finding defects
2. B. Providing information for decision-making
3. C. Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the software
4. D. Analyzing and removing the cause of failures

Correct Answer: D
Analyzing and removing the cause of failures is not an objective of testing,
but rather a task of development or maintenance. A failure is an event or behavior that deviates from the expected or specified result of a system under test. A failure is caused by an error (also known as a mistake or a fault) in the software code, design, or specification. Analyzing and removing the cause of failures is a process of locating and fixing errors in the software code, design, or specification, which is also known as debugging or defect resolution. Analyzing and removing the cause of failures does not aim to find or report defects, but rather to correct or prevent them. The other options are objectives of testing. Finding defects is one of the main objectives of testing, as it helps to improve the quality and reliability of the software product. Providing information for decision-making is another objective of testing, as it helps to support decision making and risk management. Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the software is another objective of testing, as it helps to assure that the software product meets its requirements and customer or user needs and expectations. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 3.

Which of the following tasks is MOST LIKELY to be performed by the tester?

1. A. Develop a test strategy and test policy for the organization
2. B. Promote and advocate the test team within the organization
3. C. Create the detailed test execution schedule
4. D. Introduce suitable metrics for measuring test progress

Correct Answer: C
Testers are typically involved in creating detailed test execution schedules, among other tasks such as designing tests, executing tests, and logging defects. Creating a test strategy and test policy, promoting and advocating the test team, and introducing metrics are typically responsibilities of test managers or senior roles.
In the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, the responsibilities of testers include creating test cases, setting up test (ISTQB not-for-profit association)nts, executing tests, and reporting defects, which align with creating detailed test execution schedules6†source.
References:
✑ Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0
✑ ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 4.0 (2023)

Which of the following statements about independent testing is WRONG?

1. A. Independent testing is necessary because developers don't know any testing.
2. B. Independent testing is best suited for the system test level.
3. C. A certain degree of independence makes the tester more effective at finding defects.
4. D. Independent test teams may find other types of detects than developers who are familiar with the system's structure.

Correct Answer: A
Independent testing is testing performed by a person or group that is independent of the development team. Independent testing can have various degrees of independence, ranging from testers who are part of the same organization as developers to testers who are external contractors or consultants. Independent testing can have various benefits, such as reducing bias, increasing objectivity, improving quality, or providing different perspectives. Independent testing is not necessary because developers don’t know any testing, as this is a wrong and disrespectful statement. Developers can perform various types of testing, such as unit testing, component testing, or integration testing. However, independent testing can complement developer testing by providing additional levels of verification and validation, such as system testing, acceptance testing, or non- functional testing. Verified References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 2, page 16-17.

Which of the following lists factors That contribute to PROJECT risks?

1. A. skill and staff shortages; problems in defining the right requirements, contractual issues.
2. B. skill and staff shortages; software does not perform its intended functions; problems in defining the right requirements.
3. C. problems in defining the right requirements; contractual issues; poor software quality characteristics.
4. D. poor software quality characteristics; software does not perform its intended functions.

Correct Answer: A
Project risks are the uncertainties or threats that may affect the project objectives, such as scope, schedule, cost, and quality. According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, some of the factors that contribute to project risks are:
✑ Skill and staff shortages: This factor refers to the lack of adequate or qualified human resources to perform the project tasks. This may result in delays, errors, rework, or low productivity.
✑ Problems in defining the right requirements: This factor refers to the difficulties or ambiguities in eliciting, analyzing, specifying, validating, or managing the requirements of the project. This may result in misalignment, inconsistencies, gaps, or changes in the requirements, affecting the project scope and quality.
✑ Contractual issues: This factor refers to the challenges or disputes that may arise from the contractual agreements between the project parties, such as clients, suppliers, vendors, or subcontractors. This may result in legal, financial, or ethical risks, affecting the project delivery and satisfaction.
The other options are not correct because they list factors that contribute to PRODUCT risks, not project risks. Product risks are the uncertainties or threats that may affect the quality or functionality of the software product or system. Some of the factors that contribute to product risks are:
✑ Poor software quality characteristics: This factor refers to the lack of adherence or
compliance to the quality attributes or criteria of the software product or system, such as reliability, usability, security, performance, or maintainability. This may result in defects, failures, or dissatisfaction of the users or stakeholders.
✑ Software does not perform its intended functions: This factor refers to the deviation
or discrepancy between the expected and actual behavior or output of the software product or system. This may result in errors, faults, or malfunctions of the software product or system.
References = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Testing, Section 1.5: Risks and Testing, Pages 14-16.