An application is subjected to a constant load for an extended period of time as part of a performance test While running this test, the response time of the application steadily slows down, which results in a requirement not being met This slowdown is caused by a memory leak where the application code does not properly release some of the dynamically allocated memory when it is no longer needed. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

1. A. The slowdown is a failure while the memory leak is a defect
2. B. The slowdown is a defect while the memory leak is an error.
3. C. The slowdown is an error; the memory leak is a defect.
4. D. The slowdown is a defect; the memory leak is a failure.

Correct Answer: A
In software testing terminology, a failure is an observable deviation of the software from its expected behavior. A defect (or bug) is the cause of the failure in the software's code. In this case, the observed slowdown is the failure, while the underlying memory leak in the application code is the defect causing this failure. This distinction is clearly outlined in the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0, which differentiates between failures (observable issues) and defects (underlying issues in the code).

Which of the following statements is not correct?

1. A. Looking for defects in a system may require Ignoring system details
2. B. Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product
3. C. Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity
4. D. Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity

Correct Answer: A
✑ Looking for defects in a system does not require ignoring system details, but rather paying attention to them and understanding how they affect the system??s quality,functionality, and usability. Ignoring system details could lead to missing important defects or testing irrelevant aspects of the system.
✑ Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product, especially by the
developers or stakeholders who are invested in the product??s success. However, identifying defects is not meant to be a personal attack, but rather a constructive feedback that helps to improve the product and ensure its alignment with the requirements and expectations of the users and clients.
✑ Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity, as
testers need to anticipate and explore the possible ways that the system could fail, malfunction, or behave unexpectedly. Professional pessimism means being skeptical and critical of the system??s quality and reliability, while curiosity means being eager and interested in finding out the root causes and consequences of the defects.
✑ Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity, as it
involves finding and reporting the flaws and weaknesses of the system, rather than creating or enhancing it. However, testing is actually a constructive activity, as it contributes to the system??s improvement, verification, validation, and optimization, and ultimately to the delivery of a high-quality product that meets the needs and expectations of the users and clients.

Which of the following is a role that is usually responsible for documenting the findings (e.g., action items, decisions, recommendations) made by the review team as part of a typical formal review?

1. A. Review leader
2. B. Facilitator.
3. C. Recorder.
4. D. Moderator

Correct Answer: C
In a formal review process, the recorder's role is typically responsible for documenting the findings of the review team, including action items, decisions, and recommendations. This ensures that there is an accurate record of what was discussed and agreed upon, facilitating follow-up and continuous improvement. Therefore, statement C is correct as per the ISTQB CTFL syllabus.

The tests at the bottom layer of the test pyramid:

1. A. run faster than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid
2. B. cover larger pieces of functionalities than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid
3. C. are defined as 'Ul Tests' or 'End-To-End tests' in the different models of the pyramid
4. D. are unscripted tests produced by experience-based test techniques

Correct Answer: A
The tests at the bottom layer of the test pyramid run faster than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid because they are more focused, isolated, and atomic. They usually test individual units or components of the software system, such as classes, methods, or functions. They are also easier to maintain and execute, as they have fewer dependencies and interactions with other parts of the system. The tests at the top layer of the test pyramid, on the other hand, are slower because they cover larger pieces of functionalities, such as user interfaces, workflows, or end-to-end scenarios. They also have more dependencies and interactions with other systems, such as databases, networks, or external services. They are more complex and costly to maintain and execute, as they require more setup and teardown procedures, test data, and test environments. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
✑ ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 3.2.1, Test Pyramid1
✑ ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test Pyramid2

Which of the following statements about statement coverage is TRUE?

1. A. Achieving 90% statement coverage ensures that 90% branch coverage is achieved.
2. B. Achieving 100% statement coverage ensures that no variable within the code has been used without being initialised.
3. C. Achieving 100% statement coverage ensures that 100% branch coverage is achieved
4. D. Achieving 80% statement coverage ensures that 80% of all executable statements within the code have been exercised.

Correct Answer: D
Statement coverage measures the percentage of executable statements that have been exercised by a test suite. Achieving 80% statement coverage means that 80% of the executable code lines have been tested. This metric helps in understanding how much of the code has been covered during testing. However, it does not guarantee branch coverage, variable initialization, or detection of all possible defects. The ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0 explains statement coverage as a measure of the extent to which the code has been tested, without implying other types of coverage or testing goals.