Which of the following allows a developer to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs?

1. A. Design-Driven Development
2. B. Behavior-Driven Development
3. C. Test-Driven Development
4. D. Acceptance Test-Driven Development

Correct Answer: B
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) is a software development approach that allows a developer to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs. BDD uses a common language that is understandable by both technical and non-technical stakeholders, such as Given-When-Then scenarios.BDD helps to align the development and testing activities with the customer expectations and business goals . References:
✑ : ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus, Version 2014, Section 2.2.2
✑ : ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Agile Testing Foundations, Chapter 3, Section 3.2.2

Which of the following is a risk that continuous integration introduces?

1. A. Teams sometimes over-rely on unit tests and exclude some important system and acceptance tests.
2. B. Testers sometimes have too many builds to test, which reduces the quality of testing.
3. C. Teams no longer have the ability to run manual tests, as all tests must be automated.
4. D. Developer's workload is increased, which can result in a reduction of output.

Correct Answer: B
Continuous integration is a practice of integrating code changes frequently and automatically into a shared repository, and running automated tests to verify the integration. Continuous integration can introduce some risks to the testing process, such as:
✑ Testers sometimes have too many builds to test, which reduces the quality of testing. This can happen when the code changes are too frequent or too large, and the testers do not have enough time or resources to test each build thoroughly. This can lead to missed defects, incomplete test coverage, and reduced confidence in the product quality.
✑ Testers sometimes have to deal with unstable or broken builds, which affects the testability of the product. This can happen when the code changes introduce errors or conflicts that cause the build to fail or malfunction. This can waste the testers’ time and effort, and delay the feedback cycle.
✑ Testers sometimes have to cope with changing requirements and priorities, which affects the test planning and execution. This can happen when the stakeholders or customers provide new or modified requirements or feedback during the development cycle. This can require the testers to adapt their test strategy, test cases, and test data accordingly, and to balance the testing of new features and regression testing of existing features. References: ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 2.2.3, page 14; ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms2, version 4.0, page 15.

Which of the following sentences about the integration of development and testing activities
in Agile projects is INCORRECT?

1. A. While developers develop automated unit test scripts, testers write automated system level tests.
2. B. Testers replace developers in writing unit test automation scripts.
3. C. Developers write acceptance criteria and test cases, together with testers.
4. D. Developers and testers may work as a pair to develop and test a feature.

Correct Answer: B
Testers replace developers in writing unit test automation scripts. Comprehensive Explanation: The integration of development and testing activities in Agile projects is based on the principle of cross-functional teamwork, where all team members collaborate and share their skills and knowledge to achieve a common goal. In the context of testing, this means that testing is not seen as a separate activity or phase, but as an integral part of the development process. Therefore, the following sentences are correct:
✑ While developers develop automated unit test scripts, testers write automated system level tests. This is an example of how developers and testers can work in parallel and complement each other’s testing efforts. Developers can focus on testing the internal quality of the code, while testers can focus on testing the external quality of the product.
✑ Developers write acceptance criteria and test cases, together with testers. This is an example of how developers and testers can work together to define and verify the user requirements and expectations. Developers can provide their technical expertise and input, while testers can provide their business and user perspective and feedback.
✑ Developers and testers may work as a pair to develop and test a feature. This is an example of how developers and testers can work closely and interactively to deliver a feature. Developers and testers can exchange ideas, suggestions, and information, and support each other in the coding and testing tasks.
The following sentence is incorrect:
✑ Testers replace developers in writing unit test automation scripts. This is not a valid example of the integration of development and testing activities in Agile projects, because it implies that testers take over the responsibility of developers, rather than collaborate with them. Testers should not replace developers in writing unit test automation scripts, because developers have more knowledge and experience in coding and debugging, and because unit testing is an essential part of the development process. Testers should instead work with developers to ensure that the unit test automation scripts are adequate, effective, and maintainable. References: ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 1.2.1, page 9; ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms2, version 4.0, pages 16 and 55.

Which of the following is a benefit of a whole-team approach?

1. A. Enables reduction in test duplication as the testers and test engineers function as a single team.
2. B. Enables testers to execute their responsibility for quality for the combined team.
3. C. Enables the team to focus on solely their separate areas of expertise and responsibility.
4. D. Enables the various skill sets within the team to be leveraged to the benefit of the project.

Correct Answer: D
A whole-team approach is a way of working in agile projects where all team members share the responsibility for delivering high-quality software that meets the customer’s needs. This means that testers, developers, business analysts, and other roles collaborate closely throughout the project lifecycle, and use their different skills and perspectives to contribute to the quality of the product. A benefit of this approach is that it enables the team to leverage the various skill sets within the team to the benefit of the project, such as testing skills, coding skills, domain knowledge, user experience, etc. This can lead to faster feedback, better communication, higher productivity, and more innovation. References: ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 1.1.1, page 7; ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Section 1.1.1, page 7.

You are working in a software development company which, for many years, used a sequential development model and was organized into separate departments for each functional group (e.g. business analysts, developers, testers) located within their own office space. Your organization has recently changed to a SCRUM agile framework. Which of the following is an important organizational and behavioral best practice for a tester in the SCRUM team that should have also been practiced when using the sequential model?

1. A. Resilient testing means that the testing process is capable of dealing with rapid changes throughout the development process with test plans being updated during each iteration.
2. B. Credibility means that the tester must share information with the stakeholders about the test process so that they find the selected test strategy and testing activities trustworthy.
3. C. Cross-functional teamwork means that all team members contribute to testing in various way
4. D. For example, involving people with the test strategy, test planning and execution as well as test reporting.
5. E. Co-located teamwork means that all team members, including developers and testers, must sit together in the same office, so they can quickly communicate face-to-face.

Correct Answer: C
Cross-functional teamwork is an important organizational and behavioral best practice for a tester in the SCRUM team that should have also been practiced when using the sequential model. Cross-functional teamwork means that all team members, regardless of their functional roles, collaborate and share their skills and knowledge to achieve a common goal. In the context of testing, this means that testing is not seen as a separate activity or phase, but as an integral part of the development process. All team members contribute to testing in various ways, such as:
✑ Involving people with the test strategy, test planning and execution as well as test reporting. This can help ensure that the testing activities are aligned with the business objectives, the user needs, and the technical requirements. It can also help improve the test coverage, the test quality, and the test efficiency.
✑ Sharing the responsibility for testing among the team members. This can help reduce the workload and the dependency on a single tester or a testing team. It can also help increase the feedback and the communication among the team members, and foster a culture of quality and learning.
✑ Leveraging the diverse skills and perspectives of the team members. This can help enhance the test design and the test execution by applying different techniques, tools, and approaches. It can also help identify and address the risks, the issues, and the opportunities for improvement from various angles. References: ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 1.2.1, page 9; ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms2, version 4.0, page 16.