- (Topic 4)
A company wants to create an application to store employee data in a hierarchical structured relationship. The company needs a minimum-latency response to high-traffic queries for the employee data and must protect any sensitive data. The company also needs to receive monthly email messages if any financial information is present in the employee data.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

1. A. Use Amazon Redshift to store the employee data in hierarchie
2. B. Unload the data to Amazon S3 every month.
3. C. Use Amazon DynamoDB to store the employee data in hierarchie
4. D. Export the data to Amazon S3 every month.
5. E. Configure Amazon fvlacie for the AWS accoun
6. F. Integrate Macie with Amazon EventBridge to send monthly events to AWS Lambda.
7. G. Use Amazon Athena to analyze the employee data in Amazon S3. Integrate Athena with Amazon QuickSight to publish analysis dashboards and share the dashboards with users.
8. H. Configure Amazon Macie for the AWS account Integrate Macie with Amazon EventBridge to send monthly notifications through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) subscription.

Correct Answer: BE
Generally, for building a hierarchical relationship model, a graph database such as Amazon Neptune is a better choice. In some cases, however, DynamoDB is a better choice for hierarchical data modeling because of its flexibility, security, performance, and scale. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/dynamodb- hierarchical-data-model/introduction.html

- (Topic 2)
A company is running a multi-tier web application on premises. The web application is containerized and runs on a number of Linux hosts connected to a PostgreSQL database that contains user records. The operational overhead of maintaining the infrastructure and capacity planning is limiting the company's growth. A solutions architect must improve the application's infrastructure.
Which combination of actions should the solutions architect take to accomplish this? (Choose two.)

1. A. Migrate the PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora
2. B. Migrate the web application to be hosted on Amazon EC2 instances.
3. C. Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the web application content.
4. D. Set up Amazon ElastiCache between the web application and the PostgreSQL database.
5. E. Migrate the web application to be hosted on AWS Fargate with Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS).

Correct Answer: AE
Amazon Aurora is a fully managed, scalable, and highly available relational database service that is compatible with PostgreSQL. Migrating the database to Amazon Aurora would reduce the operational overhead of maintaining the database infrastructure and allow the company to focus on building and scaling the application. AWS Fargate is a fully managed container orchestration service that enables users to run containers without the need to manage the underlying EC2 instances. By using AWS Fargate with Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), the solutions architect can improve the scalability and efficiency of the web application and reduce the operational overhead of maintaining the underlying infrastructure.

- (Topic 3)
A company hosts rts sialic website by using Amazon S3 The company wants to add a contact form to its webpage The contact form will have dynamic server-sKle components for users to input their name, email address, phone number and user message The company anticipates that there will be fewer than 100 site visits each month
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

1. A. Host a dynamic contact form page in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) Set up Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to connect to any third-party email provider.
2. B. Create an Amazon API Gateway endpoinl with an AWS Lambda backend that makes a call to Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES)
3. C. Convert the static webpage to dynamic by deploying Amazon Ughtsail Use client-side scnpting to build the contact form Integrate the form with Amazon WorkMail
4. D. Create a Q micro Amazon EC2 instance Deploy a LAMP (Linux Apache MySQ
5. E. PHP/Perl/Python) stack to host the webpage Use client-side scripting to buiW the contact form Integrate the form with Amazon WorkMail

Correct Answer: D
Create a t2 micro Amazon EC2 instance. Deploy a LAMP (Linux Apache MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) stack to host the webpage. Use client-side scripting to build the contact form. Integrate the form with Amazon WorkMail. This solution will provide the company with the necessary components to host the contact form page and integrate it with Amazon WorkMail at the lowest cost. Option A requires the use of Amazon ECS, which is more expensive than EC2, and Option B requires the use of Amazon API Gateway, which is also more expensive than EC2. Option C requires the use of Amazon Lightsail, which is more expensive than EC2.
Using AWS Lambda with Amazon API Gateway - AWS Lambda https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/services-apigateway.html
AWS Lambda FAQs https://aws.amazon.com/lambda/faqs/

- (Topic 4)
A company has stored 10 TB of log files in Apache Parquet format in an Amazon S3 bucket The company occasionally needs to use SQL to analyze the log files Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

1. A. Create an Amazon Aurora MySQL database Migrate the data from the S3 bucket into Aurora by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) Issue SQL statements to the Aurora database.
2. B. Create an Amazon Redshift cluster Use Redshift Spectrum to run SQL statements directly on the data in the S3 bucket
3. C. Create an AWS Glue crawler to store and retrieve table metadata from the S3 bucket Use Amazon Athena to run SQL statements directly on the data in the S3 bucket
4. D. Create an Amazon EMR cluster Use Apache Spark SQL to run SQL statements directly on the data in the S3 bucket

Correct Answer: C
AWS Glue is a serverless data integration service that can crawl, catalog, and prepare data for analysis. AWS Glue can automatically discover the schema and partitioning of the data stored in Apache Parquet format in S3, and create a table in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that can run SQL queries directly on data in S3, without requiring any data loading or transformation. Athena can use the table metadata from the AWS Glue Data Catalog to query the data in S3. By using AWS Glue and Athena, you can analyze the log files in S3 most cost-effectively, as you only pay for the resources consumed by the crawler and the queries, and you do not need to provision or manage any servers or clusters.
References:
✑ AWS Glue
✑ Amazon Athena
✑ Analyzing Data in S3 using Amazon Athena

- (Topic 4)
A social media company runs its application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The application has more than a billion images stored in an Amazon S3 bucket and processes thousands of images each second. The company wants to resize the images dynamically and serve appropriate formats to clients.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

1. A. Install an external image management library on an EC2 instanc
2. B. Use the imagemanagement library to process the images.
3. C. Create a CloudFront origin request polic
4. D. Use the policy to automatically resize images and to serve the appropriate format based on the User-Agent HTTP header in the request.
5. E. Use a Lambda@Edge function with an external image management librar
6. F. Associate the Lambda@Edge function with the CloudFront behaviors that serve the images.
7. G. Create a CloudFront response headers polic
8. H. Use the policy to automatically resize images and to serve the appropriate format based on the User-Agent HTTP header in the request.

Correct Answer: C
To resize images dynamically and serve appropriate formats to clients, a Lambda@Edge function with an external image management library can be used. Lambda@Edge allows running custom code at the edge locations of CloudFront, which can process the images on the fly and optimize them for different devices and browsers. An external image management library can provide various image manipulation and optimization features. References:
✑ Lambda@Edge
✑ Resizing Images with Amazon CloudFront & Lambda@Edge