A company runs an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses a series of AWS CloudFormation stacks to define the application resources. A developer performs updates by building and testing the application on a laptop and then uploading the build output and CloudFormation stack templates to Amazon S3. The developer's peers review the changes before the developer performs the CloudFormation stack update and installs a new version of the application onto the EC2 instances.
The deployment process is prone to errors and is time-consuming when the developer updates each EC2 instance with the new application. The company wants to automate as much of the application deployment process as possible while retaining a final manual approval step before the modification of the application or resources.
The company already has moved the source code for the application and the CloudFormation templates to AWS CodeCommit. The company also has created an AWS CodeBuild project to build and test the application.
Which combination of steps will meet the company’s requirements? (Choose two.)

1. A. Create an application group and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeplo
2. B. Install the CodeDeploy agent on the EC2 instances.
3. C. Create an application revision and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeplo
4. D. Create an environment in CodeDeplo
5. E. Register the EC2 instances to the CodeDeploy environment.
6. F. Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, run the CloudFormation update, and pause for a manual approval ste
7. G. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.
8. H. Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval ste
9. I. After approval, run the CloudFormation change sets and start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.
10. J. Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval ste
11. K. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

Correct Answer: AD
A- https://docs.aws.amazon.com/codedeploy/latest/userguide/codedeploy- agent.html D - This option correctly utilizes AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job and create CloudFormation change sets. It adds a manual approval step before executing the change sets and starting the AWS CodeDeploy deployment. This ensures that the deployment process is automated while retaining the final manual approval step.

A company is hosting a web application in an AWS Region. For disaster recovery purposes, a second region is being used as a standby. Disaster recovery requirements state that session data must be replicated between regions in near-real time and 1% of requests should route to the secondary region to continuously verify system functionality. Additionally, if there is a disruption in service in the main region, traffic should be automatically routed to the secondary region, and the secondary region must be able to
scale up to handle all traffic.
How should a DevOps engineer meet these requirements?

1. A. In both regions, deploy the application on AWS Elastic Beanstalk and use Amazon DynamoDB global tables for session dat
2. B. Use an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy with health checks to distribute the traffic across the regions.
3. C. In both regions, launch the application in Auto Scaling groups and use DynamoDB for session dat
4. D. Use a Route 53 failover routing policy with health checks to distribute the traffic across the regions.
5. E. In both regions, deploy the application in AWS Lambda, exposed by Amazon API Gateway, and use Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL with cross-region replication for session dat
6. F. Deploy the web application with client-side logic to call the API Gateway directly.
7. G. In both regions, launch the application in Auto Scaling groups and use DynamoDB global tables for session dat
8. H. Enable an Amazon CloudFront weighted distribution across region
9. I. Point the Amazon Route 53 DNS record at the CloudFront distribution.

Correct Answer: D

A company wants to migrate its content sharing web application hosted on Amazon EC2 to a serverless architecture. The company currently deploys changes to its application by creating a new Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances and a new Elastic Load Balancer, and then shifting the traffic away using an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy.
For its new serverless application, the company is planning to use Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The company will need to update its deployment processes to work with the new application. It will also need to retain the ability to test new features on a small number of users before rolling the features out to the entire user base.
Which deployment strategy will meet these requirements?

1. A. Use AWS CDK to deploy API Gateway and Lambda function
2. B. When code needs to be changed, update the AWS CloudFormation stack and deploy the new version of the APIs and Lambda function
3. C. Use a Route 53 failover routing policy for the canary release strategy.
4. D. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions using Lambda function version
5. E. When code needs to be changed, update the CloudFormation stack with the new Lambda code and update the API versions using a canary release strateg
6. F. Promote the new version when testing is complete.
7. G. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to deploy API Gateway and Lambda function
8. H. When code needs to be changed, deploy a new version of the API and Lambda function
9. I. Shift traffic gradually using an Elastic Beanstalk blue/green deployment.
10. J. Use AWS OpsWorks to deploy API Gateway in the service layer and Lambda functions in a custom laye
11. K. When code needs to be changed, use OpsWorks to perform a blue/green deployment and shift traffic gradually.

Correct Answer: B
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/serverless-application- model/latest/developerguide/automating-updates-to-serverless-apps.html

A company's DevOps engineer uses AWS Systems Manager to perform maintenance tasks during maintenance windows. The company has a few Amazon EC2 instances that require a restart after notifications from AWS Health. The DevOps engineer needs to implement an automated solution to remediate these notifications. The DevOps engineer creates an Amazon EventBridge rule.
How should the DevOps engineer configure the EventBridge rule to meet these requirements?

1. A. Configure an event source of AWS Health, a service of EC2. and an event type that indicates instance maintenanc
2. B. Target a Systems Manager document to restart the EC2 instance.
3. C. Configure an event source of Systems Manager and an event type that indicates a maintenance windo
4. D. Target a Systems Manager document to restart the EC2 instance.
5. E. Configure an event source of AWS Health, a service of EC2, and an event type that indicates instance maintenanc
6. F. Target a newly created AWS Lambda function thatregisters an automation task to restart the EC2 instance during a maintenance window.
7. G. Configure an event source of EC2 and an event type that indicates instance maintenanc
8. H. Target a newly created AWS Lambda function that registers an automation task to restart the EC2 instance during a maintenance window.

Correct Answer: C
AWS Health provides real-time events and information related to your AWS infrastructure. It can be integrated with Amazon EventBridge to act upon the health events automatically. If the maintenance notification from AWS Health indicates that an EC2 instance requires a restart, you can set up an EventBridge rule to respond to such events. In this case, the target of this rule would be a Lambda function that would trigger a Systems Manager automation to restart the EC2 instance during a maintenance window. Remember, AWS Health is the source of the events (not EC2 or Systems Manager), and AWS Lambda can be used to execute complex remediation tasks, such as scheduling maintenance tasks via Systems Manager.
The following are the steps involved in configuring the EventBridge rule to meet these requirements:
✑ Configure an event source of AWS Health, a service of EC2, and an event type that indicates instance maintenance.
✑ Target a newly created AWS Lambda function that registers an automation task to restart the EC2 instance during a maintenance window.
The AWS Lambda function will be triggered by the event from AWS Health. The function will then register an automation task to restart the EC2 instance during the next maintenance window.

A company wants to use a grid system for a proprietary enterprise m-memory data store on top of AWS. This system can run in multiple server nodes in any Linux-based distribution. The system must be able to reconfigure the entire cluster every time a node is added or removed. When adding or removing nodes an /etc./cluster/nodes config file must be updated listing the IP addresses of the current node members of that cluster.
The company wants to automate the task of adding new nodes to a cluster. What can a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

1. A. Use AWS OpsWorks Stacks to layer the server nodes of that cluste
2. B. Create a Chef recipe that populates the content of the 'etc./cluster/nodes config file and restarts the service by using the current members of the laye
3. C. Assign that recipe to the Configure lifecycle event.
4. D. Put the file nodes config in version contro
5. E. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment configuration and deployment group based on an Amazon EC2 tag value for thecluster node
6. F. When adding a new node to the cluster update the file with all tagged instances and make a commit in version contro
7. G. Deploy the new file and restart the services.
8. H. Create an Amazon S3 bucket and upload a version of the /etc./cluster/nodes config file Create a crontab script that will poll for that S3 file and download it frequentl
9. I. Use a process manager such as Monit or system, to restart the cluster services when it detects that the new file was modifie
10. J. When adding a node to the cluster edit the file's most recent members Upload the new file to the S3 bucket.
11. K. Create a user data script that lists all members of the current security group of the cluster and automatically updates the /etc/cluster/. nodes confi
12. L. Tile whenever a new instance is added to the cluster.

Correct Answer: A
You can run custom recipes manually, but the best approach is usually to have AWS OpsWorks Stacks run them automatically. Every layer has a set of built-in recipes assigned each of five lifecycle events—Setup, Configure, Deploy, Undeploy, and Shutdown. Each time an event occurs for an instance, AWS OpsWorks Stacks runs the associated recipes for each of the instance's layers, which handle the corresponding tasks. For example, when an instance finishes booting, AWS OpsWorks Stacks triggers a Setup event. This event runs the associated layer's Setup recipes, which typically handle tasks such as installing and configuring packages