- (Topic 2)
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant Agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).
To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.
The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network's existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.
The most significant risk from combining the healthcare network’s existing data with the clinical research partner data is?

1. A. Privacy risk.
2. B. Security risk.
3. C. Operational risk.
4. D. Reputational risk.

Correct Answer: A
The most significant risk from combining the healthcare network’s existing data with the clinical research partner data is privacy risk. Combining data sets, especially in healthcare, often involves handling sensitive information that could lead to privacy breaches if not managed properly. De-identified data can still pose re-identification risks when combined with other data sets. Ensuring privacy involves implementing robust data protection measures, maintaining compliance with privacy regulations such as HIPAA, and conducting thorough privacy impact assessments. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on Data Privacy and Security.

- (Topic 1)
Machine learning is best described as a type of algorithm by which?

1. A. Systems can mimic human intelligence with the goal of replacing humans.
2. B. Systems can automatically improve from experience through predictive patterns.
3. C. Statistical inferences are drawn from a sample with the goal of predicting human intelligence.
4. D. Previously unknown properties are discovered in data and used to predict and make improvements in the data.

Correct Answer: B
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) where systems use data to learn and improve over time without being explicitly programmed. Option B accurately describes machine learning by stating that systems can automatically improve from
experience through predictive patterns. This aligns with the fundamental concept of ML where algorithms analyze data, recognize patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention. Reference: AIGP BODY OF KNOWLEDGE, which covers the basics of AI and machine learning concepts.

- (Topic 2)
A company plans on procuring a tool from an Al provider for its employees to use for certain business purposes.
Which contractual provision would best protect the company's intellectual property in the tool, including training and testing data?

1. A. The provider willgive privacy notice to individuals before using their personal data to train or test the tool.
2. B. The provider willdefend and indemnify the company against infringement claims.
3. C. The provider willobtain and maintain insurance to cover potential claims.
4. D. The provider willwarrant that the tool will work as intended.

Correct Answer: B
To protect the company's intellectual property, the most pertinent contractual provision is ensuring that the AI provider will defend and indemnify the company against infringement claims. This clause means the provider will take responsibility for any intellectual property disputes that arise, thereby safeguarding the company from potential legal and financial repercussions related to the use of the tool. Other options, while beneficial, do not directly address the protection of intellectual property. This concept is detailed in the contractual best practices section of the IAPP AIGP Body of Knowledge.

- (Topic 1)
All of the following are common optimization techniques in deep learning to determine weights that represent the strength of the connection between artificial neurons EXCEPT?

1. A. Gradient descent, which initially sets weights arbitrary values, and then at each step changes them.
2. B. Momentum, which improves the convergence speed and stability of neural network training.
3. C. Autoregression, which analyzes and makes predictions about time-series data.
4. D. Backpropagation, which starts from the last layer working backwards.

Correct Answer: C
Autoregression is not a common optimization technique in deep learning to
determine weights for artificial neurons. Common techniques include gradient descent, momentum, and backpropagation. Autoregression is more commonly associated with time- series analysis and forecasting rather than neural network optimization. Reference: AIGP BODY OF KNOWLEDGE, which discusses common optimization techniques used in deep learning.

- (Topic 2)
Which of the following deployments of generative Al best respects intellectual property rights?

1. A. The system produces content that is modified to closely resemble copyrightedwork.
2. B. The system categorizes and applies filters to content based on licensing terms.
3. C. The system provides attribution to creators of publicly available information.
4. D. The system produces content that includes trademarks and copyrights.

Correct Answer: B
Respecting intellectual property rights means adhering to licensing terms and ensuring that generated content complies with these terms. A system that categorizes and applies filters based on licensing terms ensures that content is used legally and ethically, respecting the rights of content creators. While providing attribution is important, categorization and application of filters based on licensing terms are more directly tied to compliance with intellectual property laws. This principle is elaborated in the IAPP AIGP Body of Knowledge sections on intellectual property and compliance.